The Application of Graphite and Graphite Grinding Mill

Date:2023-08-17 11:00:51 From: Click:

Graphite, renowned for its unique mixed crystal structure, has gained widespread recognition for its exceptional properties and extensive applications across various industries. One of the key advantages of graphite lies in its remarkable high temperature resistance, rendering it suitable for deployment in metallurgical processes involving extreme heat conditions. Moreover, graphite's excellent electrical conductivity enables its utilization in batteries and electronic devices where efficient energy transfer is crucial. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of graphite facilitates effective heat dissipation, making it an ideal material for heat sinks and thermal management systems. Its lubricating properties have also established graphite as a favored choice in manufacturing processes that require reduced friction and wear. The chemical stability of graphite ensures durability even when exposed to harsh environments or corrosive substances, making it highly sought after in industries such as chemicals and national defense where materials must withstand challenging conditions.

In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the utilization of graphite due to advancements in emerging industries like new energy vehicles and electronics sectors. The demand for high-quality graphite electrodes used in electric vehicle batteries has witnessed a surge as these industries continue to experience rapid growth. Additionally, the increasing demand for portable electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets has led to a higher requirement for fine-grained natural flake graphite with superior conductivity. These changes have not only impacted market supply and demand dynamics but have also propelled the developmental momentum of the entire graphite industry into a new phase. As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace,further innovations are expected within this sector leadingto even more diverse applicationsfor this versatile material.

About Graphite

Graphite is a soft, black-gray mineral with a greasy texture that has the ability to smudge paper. Its hardness typically ranges from 1 to 2 on the Mohs scale, but impurities can increase it vertically to a range of 3 to 5. The specific gravity of graphite falls between 1.9 and 2.3, while its concentrated specific surface area spans from 1-20m2/g. Under oxygen-free conditions, graphite exhibits an exceptional melting point exceeding 3000℃, making it one of the most temperature-resistant minerals known. Additionally, graphite possesses excellent electrical and thermal conductivity properties. It is worth noting that pure graphite does not occur naturally; instead, it commonly contains impurities such as SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, CaO,P2O5,CuO,and others in the form of minerals like quartz or pyrite or carbonate compounds along with water vapor and gases like CO2,H2 ,CH4,N2 . Therefore,the analysis of graphite must determine both fixed carbon content as well as volatile and ash content.

Graphite is a carbon allotrope that exhibits gray-black opacity, chemical stability, and corrosion resistance. It demonstrates minimal reactivity towards acids, alkalis, and other agents. Natural graphite can be sourced from deposits or synthesized from raw materials such as petroleum coke and asphalt coke through a series of processes to create artificial graphite. When combusted in oxygen, graphite yields carbon dioxide and can be oxidized by potent oxidants like concentrated nitric acid and potassium permanganate. Its diverse applications include serving as an antiwear agent, lubricant, neutron moderator in atomic reactors (when highly pure), crucible material, electrode material, brush material, dry battery component; it also serves as a source for graphite fiber production while being utilized as heat exchanger material or cooler material for electronic devices like electric arc furnaces and arc lamps; furthermore it is used to manufacture pencil leads.

Development of Graphite Use

Preparation of Graphene

With the continuous breakthrough in graphene technology and the increasing maturity of downstream applications, it will further promote and drive the development and expansion of graphene applications, particularly in more established fields such as new energy and heat dissipation materials. It is predicted that the market size of graphene cooling materials in electronic products will experience rapid growth with a compound annual growth rate of 30-40%. As the upstream raw material for the graphene industry, the rapid development of graphene will stimulate an increase in demand. Currently, there are various methods for preparing graphene including mechanical stripping method, chemical vapor deposition method, REDOX method, etc. Among them, the graphite oxide-reduction method involves chemically oxidizing graphite to obtain compounds containing carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups, carbonyl groups between layers which increases layer spacing. Then a single layer of graphene oxide is exfoliated through external force and further reduction can yield graphene. This method has advantages such as low cost and simple control making it considered as the most promising approach for mass production of graphene.

Used to Make Lithium Battery Cathode Material

In recent years, the utilization of lithium-ion batteries in computers, communications, and consumer 3C electronic products has witnessed significant growth. With the rapid expansion of hybrid and pure electric vehicles in the global market, there has been an explosive surge in demand for lithium-ion power batteries. Generally speaking, the mass of graphite required to manufacture lithium-ion batteries is 10 to 20 times that of lithium. Each hybrid electric vehicle utilizes approximately 22kg of graphite, while an all-electric vehicle requires about 50kg. This positions the lithium-ion power battery industry as the fastest-growing sector with regards to graphite demand and determines the future growth rate of global graphite market demand. Currently, artificial graphite primarily serves as anode material for lithium-ion batteries; however, due to cost reduction pressures and technological advancements in a post-subsidy era, cell manufacturers are expected to increasingly adopt natural graphite and composite graphite materials. It is anticipated that there will be a gradual improvement in demand for natural graphite on this front. Additionally, with continuous breakthroughs in lithium iron phosphate technology aimed at addressing system volume energy density issues and highlighting its cost performance advantages over other alternatives such as three-way catalysts (TWC), certain application scenarios favoring new energy passenger cars may shift towards utilizing lithium iron phosphate instead of natural graphite within their material systems due to lower associated costs; thus effectively adapting to cost reduction efforts within the new energy vehicles sector. As demand for lithium iron phosphate increases accordingly, downstream demand for natural graphite is also expected to gradually expand.

Preparation of Expanded Graphite

Expanded graphite is a modern type of functional carbon material. It is a loose and porous worm-like material obtained from natural graphite by intercalation, washing, drying, and expansion at elevated temperatures. In addition to the properties of graphite itself, such as resistance to cold and heat, corrosion, and great lubricity, expanded graphite has compressibility, radiation resistance, and adsorption properties not found in natural graphite. Expanded graphite is an excellent adsorbent and can be used for water purification, as determined by its loose porous structure.

Graphite Grinding mill Recommended

HGM Ultrafine Grinding Mill

Capacity: 0.2-45 t/h
Feed Size: ≤20 mm
Powder Fineness: 325-3000 mesh

The complete configuration of the HGM hyperfine mill consists of a hammer crusher, bucket elevator, storage bin, vibration feeder, microlending machine, frequency conversion classifier, double cyclone collector, pulsed dust removal system, high pressure fan, air compressor and electrical control system. It boasts exceptional efficiency and energy-saving capabilities. It exhibits superior output when compared with air-mills, churns, and ball-mills of equivalent motor power, for the same fineness of finished product. Wearable parts have an extended service life due to their composition of special materials such as grinders and grind rings that significantly enhance their utilization. For the same fineness of the finished material, it will last 2-5 times longer than the wear-and-tear parts in the impact crusher and turbine crusher. In general, it lasts for more than a year, but when treated with calcium carbonate and calcite, it can last for up to two to five years. In addition, it provides an elevated level of safety and reliability due to the absence of rolling bearings or screws in the grinding chamber, which eliminates vulnerability issues with sealing parts or loosening problems that could potentially damage the machine. The fineness of the product is particularly great; in fact D97≤5μm can be achieved by utilizing HGM series ultra-fine grinding products. In addition, it demonstrates environmental friendliness by employing pulsed dust collectors to capture dust, while mufflers reduce noise.

CLUM Ultrafine Vertical Grinding Mill

Capacity: 1-20 t/h
Feed Size: ＜20 mm
Powder Fineness: 300-3000 mesh

The ultra-fine vertical mill addresses the challenges encountered in processing ultra-fine powders, exceeding the limitations of traditional mills in milling products with extreme hardness, elevated moisture and extreme fineness. This achievement is crucial for large-scale production of various materials. Its primary applications include limestone, calcite, marble, heavy calcium, kaolin, barite, bentonite, gypsum phyllite and 200 other materials for ultra fine powder processing. Compared to similar mills on the market, the ultra-fine vertical mill boasts a stable quality with a uniform grain shape and a narrow grain size distribution for enhanced fluidity. Moreover, its integrated investment costs are lower as it integrates crushing, drying, milling, grading and delivery into one streamlined process with fewer system equipment requirements and a compact structural layout, which directly reduces investment costs for the company. In addition, it exhibits low energy consumption due to its dedicated design for ultra-fine powder milling, featuring a roller sleeve and liner milling curve that facilitates easier material layer formation resulting in higher milling efficiency resulting in increased yield; it is 30 to 50 percent more energy efficient than a regular mill. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent environmental performance with minimal vibration system and low noise; the entire system is sealed to allow full negative pressure operation without any dust spillage, thereby essentially achieving a dust-free workshop while totally complying with national dust emission standards. In addition, it demonstrated superior reliability by using a roller limiting device to prevent violent vibrations caused by the material during the milling time; it employs an improved roller sealer to ensure more reliable sealing without the need for sealing fans, thereby reducing the oxygen content in the mill and further enhancing explosion suppression performance.

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